SECURITY OUTAGES IN DATA CENTERS-MEASURES TO STAY PROTECTED

Recently, some major internet giants like Go Daddy experienced a downfall with customers registering complaints against the leading web host. Investigations revealed that the outage was a result of security breach in their data centers. A group called the hacktivists claimed responsibility for the attack. It was quite clear that hackers want to infiltrate any organization that boasts of a tight invincible security environment. Such treacherous attacks have created a stir in the IT sector, and have even raised questions on the safety of the data stored in these divisions.

Security threats cannot be restricted to only physical infiltrations; the main threat that is hovering over data centers is the cyber attack. Cyber attacks are not something that the IT sector is unaware of, it is just that these platforms are being used by people to voice their agitations and protests.

IT sector and data centers have taken the required measures to combat such attacks. Employees are given suitable training, sophisticated security tools are installed, and every precaution that one can think of is deployed to prevent security breaches in a data center. And then it happens anyway, putting all the efforts into vain. More worse all the data is looted and lost.

A. Pre-requisites: it is always better to keep your employees and staff well aware of the possible threats and breaches. Frame the right guidelines to follow when under such siege. Keep them updated on the counter measures which might sometimes possibly be way ahead of their expertise as technicians, but do not give up. It is possible that the data center staff get overwhelmed with anxiety during a security breach resulting in monetary and data losses. Having a well executable plan of action can save one from all the possible damages.

 

B. Action after attack: In spite of all the precautionary measures, a data center is in danger of losing all its data; prepare a checklist that would come handy, if so, there is another attack.

  • Remain calm and poised: Do not get over excited and jump to the rescue without a prepared plan or succumb to the situation without being able to help. Just remember that yours is not the only company to have come under an attack; they have sailed through it, so will you.
  • Inform the necessary personnel: assuming that you already have a plan of action for such situations, inform the necessary staff members who have been trained to combat such situations. Contemplate and strategize accordingly, and start investigations without a delay.
  • Preserve evidence to identify the criminals: do not shut down the servers after the attack; keep them running as this would help in identifying the perpetrators of crime. Gather as much information as possible that may be critical to an internal or external investigation.
  • Take the help of the law enforcement authorities: make sure to file a case of security breach with the police officials. This would not only aide investigation, but would also avoid conflicts.
  • Document the investigation details: most crucial element of the investigation. Record all the details, document, and preserve for future reference. Make copies of the same to avoid any sort of tampering.
  • Inform the clients: Be honest and inform all the parties affected of the security breach. Consult your legal counterparts on the same; this would save you from lawsuits and fines.
  • Scrutinize your employee’s approach: Take constructive measures to identify every employee’s weakness and strengths. Make sure the plan of action is not erased once the services are restored. Modify your plan of action so that you’ll be better prepared the next time.

C. Conclusion: Prepare yourself for the worst scenario, because your data center could be the next. Planning ahead, you should be prepared to react decisively should a breach occur.

 

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DATA CENTER CABLING REQUIREMENTS

Data centers are not just facilities that house a large number of servers and data storage devices. The whole data center works as a system, with all the entities working together to protect and maintain all the equipments, data transmitted, and the numerous connections between the server and the areas outside the data center. All these entities are interrelated and are connected via a structured cabling system. Designers and engineers are working towards achieving a suitable cabling system, which would define the standards of flexibility, scalability, operational costs, and installation overheads. Designing a cabling system is a complex issue and needs to be weighed considerably before installation.

The factors that need to be considered for an effective cabling system are-

  • Scalability: The life expectancy of the cabling infrastructure needs to be calculated between the different components. The future requirement of the center needs to be visualized. It has to be ensured that there is ample space for future additions to servers, ports, and switches.
  • Flexibility and Manageability: It has to be clarified if the center needs often moves, additions, and changes. Anticipation of the need to reconfigure the functional areas becomes very important. Ensure there is ample space for extra cabling and router installation.
  • Availability: Determine the required uptime necessary for establishment, power, and cooling. Also determine the level of security for each functional area, and the data center as a whole.
  • Total cost of cabling: Calculate the investment that goes into the infrastructure of cabling by taking into consideration the scalability, flexibility, and availability requirements.

Each of these factors play very important role in defining the design of a cabling system.

The design of the cabling system has to abide to certain set international standards and regulatory authorities such as-

  • TIA 942: Telecommunications Infrastructure Standard, April 2005 – American
  • EN 50173-5: Information technology – Data Centers

Smaller scope, European perspective

  • ISO/IEC Draft 24764: Information technology

      Global Generic Cabling for Data Centers

Industry cabling standards are designed to protect the end-user. They provide a firm foundation and guidelines for maintaining high levels of cable performance. Vendors design the cables according to the prescribed standards and topololgies, so that the installation as per company standards does not have compatibility issues. These standards are reviewed and revised every five to ten years, to keep in pace with the changing technologies and advancements. So all it needs is a bit of understanding the standards, and implementing it as per requirements.

Practices in maintaining the cabling system-

  • Avoid bundling up of cables, and stocking up multiple cables one on top of the other. This would degrade the performance of the cables. Do not pile copper and fiber cables together, as heavy copper cables crush the vulnerable fiber cables placed underneath.
  • Ensure that the cabling is compliant to the industry standards.
  • Applying stress on the cables should be avoided.
  • Extra tension, and pressure above permissible limits should be avoided.
  • Avoid clumsy infrastructure, do not add many components resulting in a crowded location.

Choose the strongest foundation for the cabling support, achieving future goals and requirements. Since each environment is different, it is difficult to choose the correct cabling system. Following the guidelines and standards, will help in the effective employment of the cable infrastructure.

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Malicious Black Hole Exploit Kit Attacking Web-Hosting Servers

Midsize businesses and IT professionals must always be diligent in monitoring their company websites for protection against potential security threats even more so if their web-hosting server uses the Parallel brand Plesk Panel as the automated tool to monitor and manage administrative tasks. According to a recent news report, a multitude of websites have fallen victim to hackers’ tactics in employing an updated version of the malicious Black Hole exploit toolkit.

Attackers Use Crafty Methods to Gain Access

Hackers have been using cunning ways to gain access to websites, including targeting generated domain names with viral malicious code. Websites whose hosting servers use Parallel’s Plesk Panel started reporting the effects of the Black Hole exploit during July. The scope of the infected websites has been primarily confined to those affiliated with a web-hosting service that utilizes the Parallel brand control panel.

black hole

As noted in the InfoWorld report, the most recently released version of Parallel’s Plesk Panel 11 is not as susceptible to hacker’s attacks. It should be noted that Parallel is presently responding to reports that hackers are attempting to infect Plesk Panel 10.4, so users should be on alert. However, this news does little to calm users of other, older versions of the administrative control panel. For those IT professionals whose current web-hosting platform utilizes older versions of the Plesk Panel, it is strongly advised that they be particularly diligent in monitoring their data.

Acquire a Patch and Adopt New Passwords

As with most security issues that affect a system’s platform, the typical solution usually includes acquiring a patch and adopting new passwords. These are the words of wisdom offered by Parallel toward alleviating the security issues in using their Plesk Panel. An additional suggestion offered by Parallel includes erasing and clearing out all records of activity when logged into the control panel. This task would be similar in fashion to when a user deletes Internet cookies and temporary files from their computer after logging off.

As is the case with most malicious attacks, it is important to stay current and up-to-date relative to the latest security threats. Midsize businesses need to monitor and protect their company’s websites, as they are portals for prospective clients. IT professionals that administer and manage security protocols must be ever diligent in their efforts to safeguard access from possible hackers whose only goal is to take advantage of vulnerabilities.

 

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C7 Data Centers Add a New Member to their Growing Client List

C7 data centers who are the Intermountain West’s largest suppliers of advanced IT and data center outsourcing services, recently announced that they have added AlphaGraphics as their newest client. AlphaGraphics is known as the world leader in print and marketing communications.

AlphaGraphics offers a host of services which include print, visual communications and marketing products and solutions, including full-service digital, offset and large format printing; design services; mailing and one-to-one marketing services; promotional products and digital archiving.

“C7′s scalable and robust colocation services are mission critical to our continued safe and reliable operations,” said Jason Kol, Vice President Business Technology, AlphaGraphics. “We looked at several data center outsourcing candidates in the region; it soon became clear that C7 delivers the high level of service and redundancy required to support our expanding global operations.”

“We had to ensure that our corporate and franchisee data was in good hands and always accessible. When we combined C7′s ability to guarantee this access with its local presence and knowledgeable support personnel, our colocation partner decision was really quite easy,” Kol continued. “We’re excited about our new relationship, which we view as a long-term partnership.”

It is reported that C7 will be offering its services from the Linden data center to AlphaGraphics. Its services will include a full suite of colocation services and 24×7 support, continuous network connectivity, cooling and power that are all backed with Service Level Agreement (SLA) guarantees.

“AlphaGraphics can fully depend on our services and our commitment,” said C7 Data Centers President and CEO, Wes Swenson. “We continually strive for the highest levels of consistency and performance, both hallmarks of AlphaGraphics’ service offerings. C7′s data center outsourcing solutions will enable AlphaGraphics to focus on the business offerings it provides to its expanding base of franchisees.”

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Thai Government Collaborates to Improve Its Database Efficiency

According to industry reports, the Thai government has planned to set up citizen identification data center all across the nation. It is stated that this move will simplify the process of accessing and transferring information between the state agencies. It has also come to light that an agreement between the provincial administration department and the Electronic Government Agency (EGA) has been signed.

In the report, ICT Minister Anudith Nakornthap said “this collaboration will improve the government’s database efficiency and reduce the cost of connections. The data center will eliminate duplicate connections and redundant systems currently in use to process documents among state agencies, yielding expected yearly cost savings of 500 million baht (US$15.6 million)”.

The ICT ministry will be installing a high speed connection with the department’s computer system to provide services to other agencies through the government’s information Network intranet. . EGA director Sak Segkhoonthod said in the report the agency received a budget of 1 billion baht (US$31.3 million) to upgrade the connection efficiency of some 2,000 government agencies. It will also spend 30 million baht (US$940,557) to increase computer security, he added. The director said EGA plans to link up 30 government agencies by 2013 and up to 1,000 agencies within three years

Sukij Charoenrattanakul, director-general of the Provincial Administration Department, said some 103 government agencies use the Thai citizen database and over 100 million database requests are made on a yearly basis. The Royal Thai Police is the top user, at 24 million transactions, followed by the land transport Department at 14 million, and the revenue department with 13 million.

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CloudProtect – A Unique Service Launched By Insurance Broker, Marsh

As per recent reports, insurance broker Marsh has launched a Cyber policy enhancement which is designed to provide protection against losses incurred from failure by cloud service providers. The service is an add-on to the company’s cyber policy and is specifically aimed at the client’s dependence on the vendors across the wide range of operations.

“Cloud computing enables much more efficient computing by centralizing storage, memory, processing and bandwidth—but it also can lead to network interruptions and lost income should the cloud go down,” says Robert Parisi, Marsh’s network security and privacy practice leader.

CloudProtect solution works to mitigate the risk by offering protection that are not helps to mitigate this risk by offering additional protections that are not sufficiently covered by traditional Cyber insurance policies, says Parisi.

The best feature of the service is that the policy is customizable. Marsh says the policy covers costs associated with procuring services from a new cloud provider as well as the costs involved in transitioning to the new provider.

Marsh says the need for such coverage is growing. Citing a Cisco survey of 1,300 IT executives from 13 countries, the broker says it is estimated that by the end of the year, 20 percent of companies will be using cloud-computing technology to deliver the majority of the software applications they use in their businesses.

Parisi says Marsh is working with leading Cyber underwriters on this program and that limits on policies currently go up to $5 million in capacity in the primary market, with limited additional capacity in the excess markets.

CloudProtect, he notes, will not be attractive to large organizations until the market for the coverage broadens to provide more than $100 million in loss protection. The program is currently “relevant to small and midsize companies (under $2 billion in revenue), which rely more heavily upon cloud vendors and [so] would suffer a more severe loss—relatively—than a larger company might,” he adds.

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Branch Circuit Protection in PDU’s

Corporate data centers account for some of the most expensive and sought after real estate in the world today. Enterprises invest huge amounts of capital to design, construct and secure their investment in IT equipment in the data center.

In a rack Power Distribution Unit (PDU), the power input is often broken into multiple segments. A division of the circuit with current limited by a fuse or circuit breaker is referred to as a branch circuit.

Branch circuit protection can be accomplished by either branch circuit breakers or fuses. To identify a UL489 circuit breaker,   there are two general visual indicators. The first indicator is the size of the externally showing rocker switch. The UL489 breaker will range in dimension from 1” wide to 1.5” long. The lower grade rocker switch or reset type are typically very small (less than ½”). The second indicator is that the chassis will be expanded to accommodate the higher performing breaker. If the vertical 30A/208V power strip is perfectly symmetrical (2” x 2” or less) across the full length of the power strip, it is highly probable that it does not comply with the current standards.

It is now common practice for consultants to open power units to identify comply with to code. Eaton® uses the highest quality hydraulic-magnetic circuit breakers to ensure maximum overload protection as well as comply with to mandated code requirements. The “lower grade” thermal circuit breaker is in fact approved to a different UL standard, UL1077. A UL1077 device is a Supplementary Over-current Protective device. Its marking will show a UR symbol (i.e., it is UL Recognized). A UL489 device is a Branch Circuit breaker, and the marking on it is “UL listed”.

Compared to higher capability circuit breakers, thermal breakers have several subtle issues and capability limitations:

(a)   No Disconnect Capability – Many thermal breakers can only be reset after a fault and cannot be used to manually disconnect the power supply. The only methods to disconnect a power unit is to either pull the power cord out from the power source or open the upstream circuit breaker at the power panel.

(b)  Heat Susceptibility – Thermal breakers are by their nature susceptible to enclosure heat. The typical derating factor for a thermal circuit breaker for a temperature increase from 73°F to 104°F is 8%.

(c)   Lower Overload / Overcurrent Protection – a thermal breaker is often a UL1077 device, and it can break prospective fault currents up to 1 or 2kA. This is far less than the capability of a UL489 branch breaker which must be able to break fault currents of 5kA. The use of inappropriate devices is not only against the regulations but can be hazardous and will cause extended down time due to device failure.

While fuses are generally accepted for certain products, they are not considered a ‘best practice’ for mission critical facilities:

(a)   Increased Points of Failure – current market specifications employ as many as twelve fuses. For a data center with 100 enclosures, that would equal 2400 additional points of failure.

(b)  Reduced Safety to Personnel – for double pole applications (208V) it is possible for only one fuse to blow and the second leg to remain ‘hot.’

(c)   Higher MTTR (Mean Time to Repair) – while a branch circuit breaker can be quickly reset, the replacement of a fuse can take as long as one hour or more depending on the specific model.

(d)  Higher Repair and Replacement Costs – unlike a circuit breaker which can be quickly reset, it costs significantly more to replace a fuse. Depending on the marketplace, both an electrician and apprentice may be required. A full remediation plan may also be required in the maintenance budget to facilitate ‘off-hour’ replacement.

(e)   Voided Warranty and/or Product Certification - Any time a power unit is physically opened; it presents a number of issues. Not only is there concern as to whether the correct fuse is replaced, but whether the product requires re-qualification for safety performance (e.g. hipot, ground continuity, and functional tests).

The fundamental issue is how much risk the end-user is willing to assume, including financial, functional and safety. The proper application of UL60590-1 Edition and the employment of UL489 branch circuit breakers are best suited to mitigate issues of PDU protection.

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Data Center Infrastructure Management

Most organizations spend more than 70 percent of their IT budgets on infrastructure such as servers, operating systems, storage and networking. This is required to manage the swift yet uneven pace of growth that is essential to survive in today’s highly competitive environment. When organizations achieve the critical mass, they are often bogged down by the widely varying demands placed on their IT infrastructure.

Even as the investments for hardware and software are tracking downward, the costs of managing and supporting infrastructure are increasing. Server sprawl leads to increased operations and support costs, labor intensive legacy platforms lead to increased administration and support costs. Deployment and maintenance of IT systems is costly and consumes too much time and effort and managing system security and user identity information across enterprise systems can be complex.

Identity and Access Management:

Rapid search, identification and verification of user access rights helps guarantee information, communication and IT infrastructure protection from malicious attacks. The Activity Directory Domain Services offered help create a scalable, secure, and manageable infrastructure for user and resource management. These services provide the means to manage identities and relationships, and the out-of-the-box functionality needed to centrally configure and administer system, user, and application settings. Some of these services are:

  • Active Directory Implementation
  • Active Directory Migration from Previous Versions

Desktop, Server and Device Management

Data centers can manage desktops, mobile devices, and servers as well as deploy patches, operating systems, and applications across the network, asset inventory and proactive monitoring of systems by implementing and managing the Microsoft System Centre Suite.

  • System Center Configuration Manager (SCCM) – The SCCM comprehensively assesses, deploys, and updates servers, client computers, and devices-across physical, virtual, distributed, and mobile environments. Optimized for Windows and tightly integrated with Windows 7, it is the best choice for gaining control over IT systems.
  • System Center Operations Manager (SCOM) – SCOM uniquely enables data centers to reduce the cost of data center management across server operating systems and hypervisors through a single, familiar and easy to use interface. Through numerous views that show state, health and performance information as well as alerts generated according to some availability, performance, configuration or security situation being identified, operators can gain rapid insight into the state of the IT environment, and the IT services running across different systems and workloads.

Security and Networking

Data centers should guarantee that information and communication are protected from unauthorized access while at the same time provide a mechanism to protect the IT infrastructure from attacks and viruses while preserving access to corporate resources.

  • ForeFront Endpoint Protection (Anti-Virus) – By allowing a data center to use its existing client management infrastructure the solution helps reduce ownership costs while providing improved visibility and control over endpoint management and security.
  • ForeFront Threat Management Gateway (Firewall and Proxy) – The solution reduces the cost and complexity of Web security through multiple layers of continuously updated protections that are integrated into a unified, easy to manage gateway.
  • ForeFront Unified Access Gateway (Firewall, Proxy and SSL VPN) – The solution utilizes a combination of connectivity options, ranging from SSL VPN to Direct Access, as well as built in configurations and policies. This enables the delivery of comprehensive, secure remote access to corporate resources for employees, partners, and vendors on both managed and unmanaged PCs and mobile devices.

Data Protection and Recovery

Organizations require a structured or disciplined backup, storage and restore management solution to protect their data. Disaster Recover Planning – an in-depth analysis of current systems and creation of contingency plans in case of natural or intended disasters.

The System Center Data Protection Manager (SCDPM) from the Microsoft System Center suit can also be implemented for data management. The SCDPM delivers unified data protection for Windows servers such as SQL Server, Exchange, SharePoint, Virtualization and file servers, as well as Windows desktops and laptops. DPM seamlessly uses disk, tape, and cloud-based repositories to deliver an easy-to-use and best-of-breed backup and recovery solution for Windows.

Virtualization

In today’s highly automated, technology-enabled economy, business capability has become inextricably linked to IT capability. However, IT infrastructure is becoming increasingly complex. The need of the hour is to leverage IT so that it becomes a more efficient and strategic asset of business.  By consolidating resources through server, client and storage virtualization, organizations can increase their resource utilization from 10%-15% to as much as 80%. Hardware requirements can also be reduced by 10:1 ratio or better. Automated system management and administration at every level in the data center allows greater focus on more strategic planning activities. Moreover, through virtualization, organizations can achieve a reduced deployment time for new IT services by 50% to 70%

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Intermedia Becomes a Member of CSA to Enhance their Cloud Security Services

 

Intermedia, Microsoft specialist and hosted service provider recently announced that it has joined the cloud security alliance (CSA) as a corporate member. Intermedia responded by stating that this allegiance will help ease all customer concerns regarding the security of its cloud computing services.

 

The CSA is nonprofit organization which aims to promote the use of best practices to provide security within cloud computing. It also strives to create awareness regarding the safe usage of cloud computing

 

The alliance is led by a broad coalition of industry practitioners, corporations, associations and other key stakeholders.

 

“As our customers move to the cloud and as end users access corporate and private data from a range of mobile and desktop devices, ensuring data privacy and security is of paramount importance,” said Michael Gold, president of Intermedia. “Intermedia has been providing secure, business-grade cloud-based services for over a decade. We look forward to working with the CSA to contribute deep knowledge in cloud security, while also learning from the many other experts in this fast growing space.”

 

Intermedia provides comprehensive cloud services suite of various SMEs which includes secure cloud, encryption and intrusion and malware detection systems to address all concerns of customer’s safety and privacy.

 

The company develops and delivers many proprietary security services including Outlook Backup, Message Mirror, SpamStopper, VirusStopper and Mobile Device Management.

 

Intermedia says it has a strong privacy policy governing the protection of customer data, having passed Safe Harbor compliance standards set forth by the US Department of Commerce.

 

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Data Center Networking Guidelines

Application availability has changed how applications are hosted in today’s data centers. Evolutionary changes have occurred throughout the various elements of the data center, starting with server and storage virtualization and also network virtualization.

The common design goals of data centers include:

  • Performance
  • Scalability and agility
  • Flexibility to support various services
  • Security
  • Redundancy/High availability
  • Manageability
  • Lower capital and operational expenses
  • Long term viability

A set of guidelines from which a solution can be derived as per the requirements of an organization is established. Additionally, the design architecture will emphasize criteria which are standard-based without compromising critical functionality.

Data center LANs are continually evolving. Business necessities are forcing IT organizations to adopt new application delivery models. Edge computing models are transitioning from applications at the edge to virtualized desktops in the data center. The evolution of the data center from centralized servers to a private cloud is well underway and will be improved by hybrid and public cloud computing services.

With data center traffic becoming less client-server and more server-server centric, new data center topologies are emerging. Yesterday’s heavily segmented data center is becoming less physically segmented and more virtually segmented. Virtual segmentation allows for the reduction of physical equipment, leading to both capital and operational expense savings.

Connectivity solutions provide the ability to compress the traditional 3-tier network into a physical 2-tier network by virtualizing the routing and switching functions into a single tier. Virtualized routing provides for greater resiliency and fewer switches dedicated to just connecting switches. Reducing the number of uplinks (switch hops) in the data center improves application performance as it reduces latency throughout the fabric.

Data center components including data center network design infrastructures is integral in the planning of a data center facility.  A data center is a facility used to house computer systems and associated components, such as telecommunications and storage systems. It generally includes redundant power supplies, data communications connections, environmental controls (e.g., air conditioning, fire suppression, etc.) and security devices.  Some of the important elements of networking in data centers are:

Servers:

Servers deployed in the data center today are either full featured and equipped rack-mount servers or blade servers. A blade server is a stripped down server with a modular design optimized to minimize the use of physical space and energy. Whereas a standard server can function with (at least) a power cord and network cable, blade servers have many components removed to save space, minimize power consumption and other considerations, while still having all the functional components to be considered a computer. A blade enclosure, which can hold multiple blade servers, provides services such as power, cooling, networking, various interconnects and management. Together, blades and the blade enclosure form the blade system. There are pros and cons for each server type.  Virtualization has introduced the ability to create dynamic data centers and with the added benefit of “green IT.” Server virtualization can provide better reliability and higher availability in the event of hardware failure. Server virtualization also allows higher utilization of hardware resources while improving administration by having a single management interface for all virtual servers.

Storage:

Storage requirements vary by server type. Application servers require much less storage than database servers. There are several storage options – Direct Attached Storage (DAS), Network Attached Storage (NAS), or Storage Area Network (SAN). Applications that require large amounts of storage should be SAN attached using Fibre Channel or iSCSI. In the past, Fibre Channel offered better reliability and performance but needed highly-skilled SAN administrators. Dynamic data centers, leveraging server virtualization with Fibre Channel attached storage, will require the introduction of a new standard, Fibre Channel over Ethernet. FCoE, requires LAN switch upgrades due to the nature of the underlying requirements, as well as not yet ratified Data Center Bridging Ethernet standards. FCoE is also non-routable, so it could cause issues when it comes to the implementation of disaster recovery/ large geographical redundancy that L2 connectivity cannot yet achieve. On the other hand, with iSCSI, support for faster speeds and improved reliability is making it more attractive. iSCSI offers more flexibility and a more cost effective solution by leveraging existing network components (NICs, switches, etc.). On top of that, Fibre Channel switches typically cost 50% more than Ethernet switches. Overall, iSCSI is easier to manage than Fibre Channel with most IT personnel very familiar with management of IP networks.

Connectivity:

The networking component provides connectivity to the data center, for example, L2/L3 switches and WAN routers. Motivated by server virtualization, data center connectivity design is moving towards network virtualization.

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